Snow Removal and Ice Control Technology: Selected Papers Presented at the Fourth International Symposium, Reno, Nevada, August 11-16, 1996The objective of the symposium was to provide a forum for the exchange of information about state-of-the-art research and technology applications to improve snow removal and ice control operations in transportation systems. Sixty-one papers were presented in the areas of policy and management, infrastructure and snow control, materials and applications, equipment, travel surface, environment and health, road weather information systems and forecasting, and safety and visibility. Papers were authored by maintenance engineers and researchers from Austria, the Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Japan, New Zealand, the Netherlands, Norway, Russia, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Twenty-one of these papers are included in this publication. |
Contents
WeatherRelated Traffic Management in the E18 Finnish Test Area | 12 |
Model Experiment and Field Observation of a Snow Avalanche Deflector | 19 |
CostBenefit Analysis of SnowRemoving Channels in an Urban Area with Heavy Snowfall | 27 |
Copyright | |
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abrasives acetic acid air temperature anti-icing application asphalt concrete benefit-cost benefit-cost ratios Bias RMS Calcium Magnesium Acetate calculated chemical chloride CHSR CMA deicer CMA samples CMA-NaCl mixture coefficient concentrations control section corrosion costs damage deflector deicing dense asphalt concrete effect Equation evaluated factors fermentation forecast freezing rain groundwater Hokkaido ice warning system input Japan Kalman filter layer measured method microwave NaCl nowcasts observation percent porous asphalt precipitation reduced Road Administration road authorities road conditions road section road surface conditions road surface temperature road weather salt Sapporo section driving lane sensors shown in Figure shows signal Skaraborg County skid number slipperiness slush snow and ice snow avalanche snow removal snow-removing channel snowfall sodium spreading operations stations storm studded tires Swedish National Road test section tion Tokamachi City Transport two-lane highways vehicles whey winter maintenance winter road winter tires year's needles